Ich habe es schon vor zig Jahren, so wie im Code skiziert, gemacht. Alle Steuerimpulse für Transistoren sind digital (+5V) unabhängig von der Versorgungsspannung der LEDs (Vcc).

MfG
Code:
                                      VCC>5V
                                       +
                                  ___  |
                               +-|___|-+
                               |       |
                          ___  |     |<
                       +-|___|-+-----| Tzp1
                       |             |\
                ___  |/                |
      Ziffer >-|___|-| Tzn1            |
                     |>                |
                       |               |
                      ===              |
                      GND              |
       +---+---+-------+---+---+-------+---+---+- - - -+---+---+
       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |
      .-. .-. .-.     .-. .-. .-.     .-. .-. .-.     .-. .-. .-.
      | | | | | |     | | | | | |     | | | | | |     | | | | | |
      | | | | | |     | | | | | |     | | | | | |     | | | | | |
      '-' '-' '-'     '-' '-' '-'     '-' '-' '-'     '-' '-' '-'
       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |
       V ->V ->V ->    V ->V ->V       V ->V ->V->     V ->V ->V ->
       -   -   -       -   -   -       -   -   -       -   -   -
       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |       |   |   |
       +---+---+       +---+---+       +---+---+       +---+---+
               |               |               |               |
        ___  |/         ___  |/         ___  |/         ___  |/
     >-|___|-| Ts1a  >-|___|-| Ts1b  >-|___|-| Ts1c  >-|___|-| Ts1h
             |>              |>              |>              |>
  Segmente     |               |               |               |
              ===             ===             ===             ===
              GND             GND             GND             GND