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Razer
14.02.2006, 17:11
Hi @ all

Das compilieren meines Codes funzt aber beim Linken hat er ein Problem. Was ist den da los??

Fehlermeldung:
> "make.exe" all

-------- begin --------
avr-gcc (GCC) 3.4.3
Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Linking: lcd_test.elf
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega8 -I. -gstabs -DF_CPU=8000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-adhlns=lcd_test.o -If:/Programme/AVRlib -std=gnu99 -MD -MP -MF .dep/lcd_test.elf.d lcd_test.o --output lcd_test.elf -Wl,-Map=lcd_test.map,--cref -lm
lcd_test.o(.text+0xa): In function `main':
lcd_test.c:23: undefined reference to `lcd_init'
lcd_test.o(.text+0x10):lcd_test.c:24: undefined reference to `lcd_puts'
lcd_test.o(.text+0x16):lcd_test.c:25: undefined reference to `lcd_puts'
lcd_test.o(.text+0x1c):lcd_test.c:26: undefined reference to `lcd_puts'
lcd_test.o(.text+0x22):lcd_test.c:27: undefined reference to `lcd_puts'
make.exe: *** [lcd_test.elf] Error 1

> Process Exit Code: 2

Der Code

/************************************************** ***********************
Title: testing output to a HD44780 based LCD display.
Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://jump.to/fleury
File: $Id: test_lcd.c,v 1.3 2003/12/10 19:32:48 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Hardware: HD44780 compatible LCD text display
ATS90S8515/ATmega if memory-mapped LCD interface is used
any AVR with 7 free I/O pins if 4-bit IO port mode is used
************************************************** ************************/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "lcd.h"



int main(void)
{
lcd_init(LCD_DISP_ON); // LCD initialisieren
lcd_puts("Line 1\n");
lcd_puts("Line 2\n");
lcd_puts("Line 3\n");
lcd_puts("Line 4");
while(1){;}
}


Und die Header Datei:


#ifndef LCD_H
#define LCD_H
/************************************************** ***********************
Title : C include file for the HD44780U LCD library (lcd.c)
Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://jump.to/fleury
File: $Id: lcd.h,v 1.12.2.2 2004/02/12 21:05:59 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Hardware: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega

Enhancements: additional functions Thomas Radetzki 2005
4 lines/2 proc display Thomas Radetzki 2/2006
************************************************** *************************/

/**
@defgroup pfleury_lcd LCD library
@code #include <lcd.h> @endcode

@brief Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text LCD display

Originally based on Volker Oth's LCD library,
changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.

Library can be operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.

Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.

@author Peter Fleury pfleury@gmx.ch http://jump.to/fleury

@see The chapter Interfacing a HD44780 Based LCD to an AVR (http://homepage.sunrise.ch/mysunrise/pfleury/avr-lcd44780.html)
on my home page.

*/

/*@{*/

#if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) < 303
#error "This library requires AVR-GCC 3.3 or later, update to newer AVR-GCC compiler !"
#endif

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

/**
* @name Definitions for MCU Clock Frequency
* Adapt the MCU clock frequency in Hz to your target.
*/
#define XTAL 4000000 /**< clock frequency in Hz, used to calculate delay timer */

/**
* @name Definitions for Display Size
* Change these definitions to adapt setting to your display
*/
#define LCD_LINES 4 /**< number of visible lines of the display */
#define LCD_PROCs 2 /* 2 Procs. One for upper half, one for lower half. RC Line */
#define LCD_DISP_LENGTH 27 /**< visibles characters per line of the display */
#define LCD_LINE_LENGTH 0x40 /**< internal line length of the display */
#define LCD_START_LINE1 0x00 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 1 */
#define LCD_START_LINE2 0x40 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 2 */
#define LCD_START_LINE3 0x14 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 3 */
#define LCD_START_LINE4 0x54 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 4 */
#define LCD_WRAP_LINES 0 /**< 0: no wrap, 1: wrap at end of visibile line */


#define LCD_IO_MODE 1 /**< 0: memory mapped mode, 1: IO port mode */
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/**
* @name Definitions for 4-bit IO mode
* Change LCD_PORT if you want to use a different port for the LCD pins.
*
* The four LCD data lines and the three control lines RS, RW, E can be on the
* same port or on different ports.
* Change LCD_RS_PORT, LCD_RW_PORT, LCD_E_PORT if you want the control lines on
* different ports.
*
* Normally the four data lines should be mapped to bit 0..3 on one port, but it
* is possible to connect these data lines in different order or even on different
* ports by adapting the LCD_DATAx_PORT and LCD_DATAx_PIN definitions.
*
*/
#define LCD_PORT PORTB /**< port for the LCD lines */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_DATA0_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 0 */
#define LCD_DATA1_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 1 */
#define LCD_DATA2_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 2 */
#define LCD_DATA3_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 3 */
#define LCD_DATA0_PIN 4 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 0 */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_DATA1_PIN 5 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 1 */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_DATA2_PIN 6 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 2 */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_DATA3_PIN 7 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 3 */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_RS_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RS line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_RS_PIN 0 /**< pin for RS line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_RW_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RW line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_RW_PIN 1 /**< pin for RW line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_E_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for Enable line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_E_PIN 2 /**< pin for Enable line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_E2_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for Enable line */ /* RC Line */
#define LCD_E2_PIN 3 /**< pin for Enable line */ /* RC Line */

#elif defined(__AVR_AT90S4414__) || defined(__AVR_AT90S8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || \
defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__)|| defined(__AVR_ATmega103__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) || \
defined(__AVR_ATmega161__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega162__)
/*
* memory mapped mode is only supported when the device has an external data memory interface
*/
#define LCD_IO_DATA 0xC000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=1 */
#define LCD_IO_FUNCTION 0x8000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=0 */
#define LCD_IO_READ 0x0100 /* A8 =R/W=1 (R/W: 1=Read, 0=Write */
#else
#error "external data memory interface not available for this device, use 4-bit IO port mode"

#endif


/**
* @name Definitions for LCD command instructions
* The constants define the various LCD controller instructions which can be passed to the
* function lcd_command(), see HD44780 data sheet for a complete description.
*/

/* instruction register bit positions, see HD44780U data sheet */
#define LCD_CLR 0 /* DB0: clear display */
#define LCD_HOME 1 /* DB1: return to home position */
#define LCD_ENTRY_MODE 2 /* DB2: set entry mode */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC 1 /* DB1: 1=increment, 0=decrement */
#define LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT 0 /* DB2: 1=display shift on */
#define LCD_ON 3 /* DB3: turn lcd/cursor on */
#define LCD_ON_DISPLAY 2 /* DB2: turn display on */
#define LCD_ON_CURSOR 1 /* DB1: turn cursor on */
#define LCD_ON_BLINK 0 /* DB0: blinking cursor ? */
#define LCD_MOVE 4 /* DB4: move cursor/display */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP 3 /* DB3: move display (0-> cursor) ? */
#define LCD_MOVE_RIGHT 2 /* DB2: move right (0-> left) ? */
#define LCD_FUNCTION 5 /* DB5: function set */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT 4 /* DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode) */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES 3 /* DB3: two lines (0->one line) */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS 2 /* DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font) */
#define LCD_CGRAM 6 /* DB6: set CG RAM address */
#define LCD_DDRAM 7 /* DB7: set DD RAM address */
#define LCD_BUSY 7 /* DB7: LCD is busy */

/* set entry mode: display shift on/off, dec/inc cursor move direction */
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC 0x04 /* display shift off, dec cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC_SHIFT 0x05 /* display shift on, dec cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_ 0x06 /* display shift off, inc cursor move dir */
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_SHIFT 0x07 /* display shift on, inc cursor move dir */

/* display on/off, cursor on/off, blinking char at cursor position */
#define LCD_DISP_OFF 0x08 /* display off */
#define LCD_DISP_ON 0x0C /* display on, cursor off */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_BLINK 0x0D /* display on, cursor off, blink char */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR 0x0E /* display on, cursor on */
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK 0x0F /* display on, cursor on, blink char */

/* move cursor/shift display */
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_LEFT 0x10 /* move cursor left (decrement) */
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_RIGHT 0x14 /* move cursor right (increment) */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_LEFT 0x18 /* shift display left */
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_RIGHT 0x1C /* shift display right */

/* function set: set interface data length and number of display lines */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE 0x20 /* 4-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES 0x28 /* 4-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE 0x30 /* 8-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES 0x38 /* 8-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */


#define LCD_MODE_DEFAULT ((1<<LCD_ENTRY_MODE) | (1<<LCD_ENTRY_INC) )



/**
* @name Functions
*/


/**
@brief Initialize display and select type of cursor
@param dispAttr \b LCD_DISP_OFF display off\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on\n
\b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr);


/**
@brief Clear display and set cursor to home position
@param void
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_clrscr(void);


/**
@brief Set cursor to home position
@param void
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_home(void);


/**
@brief Set cursor to specified position

@param x horizontal position\n (0: left most position)
@param y vertical position\n (0: first line)
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y);


/**
@brief Display character at current cursor position
@param c character to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_putc(char c);


/**
@brief Display string without auto linefeed
@param s string to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_puts(const char *s);

/**
@brief Display number as Hex Value without auto linefeed
@param int to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_put_h(const int data);

/**
@brief Display number as Dec Value without auto linefeed
@param int to be displayed
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_put_d(const int data);


/**
@brief Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
@param s string from program memory be be displayed
@return none
@see lcd_puts_P
*/
extern void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s);


/**
@brief Send LCD controller instruction command
@param cmd instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
@return none
*/
extern void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd);


/**
@brief New line or first line if already last line
@param none
@return none
*/
void lcd_New_Line(void);




/**
@brief macros for automatically storing string constant in program memory
*/
#define lcd_puts_P(__s) lcd_puts_p(PSTR(__s))

/*@}*/



#endif //LCD_H



Weiß jeman was da los ist?

Danke im Voraus

Gruß Robert

michaelb
14.02.2006, 18:21
Hi Robert,
hast du die lcd.c nicht per Makefile eingebunden? Da in dieser die Funktionen wie lcd_init(), lcd_puts()... drinstehen!!!
Gruß michi

Razer
14.02.2006, 18:34
Hi Mich

Danke !!

Hab nun in der Makefile das stehen: SRC = $ lcd.c

Jedoch bekomm ich jetzt eine andere Fehlermeldung:

> "make.exe" all

-------- begin --------
avr-gcc (GCC) 3.4.3
Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Linking: lcd_test.elf
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega8 -I. -gstabs -DF_CPU=8000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-adhlns=lcd.o -If:/Programme/AVRlib -std=gnu99 -MD -MP -MF .dep/lcd_test.elf.d lcd.o --output lcd_test.elf -Wl,-Map=lcd_test.map,--cref -lm
C:/WinAVR/bin/../lib/gcc/avr/3.4.3/../../../../avr/lib/avr4/crtm8.o(.init9+0x0): undefined reference to `main'
make.exe: *** [lcd_test.elf] Error 1

> Process Exit Code: 2

Danke im Voraus

Gruß Robert

linux_80
14.02.2006, 21:17
Hallo,

es müssen natürlich alle c-Dateien bei SRC angegeben werden, denn alle Dateien sollen compiliert werden.
In der Regel gibts da noch weiter oben (im Makefile) eine Zeile mit TARGET, da gibt man den Namen an, wie die generierte Datei heissen soll, also die ganzen binaries, und die HEX-Datei.

Ein Ausschnitt mit den wichtigsten(hier erwähnten) Variablen vom Makefile:

# Target file name (without extension).
TARGET = hauptmain

# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.)
SRC = $(TARGET).c

# If there is more than one source file, append them above, or adjust and
# uncomment the following:
SRC += lcd.c

Razer
14.02.2006, 21:30
Danke :)

Gruß Robert